Nursing Knowledge

hello. my name is shiva darbandi, and i am one of the librarians at off-campus libraryservices. we serve students such as yourselves who are taking coursesat a distance. in this video we'll go over some of the key differences between scholarlyprofessional and popular publications. we'll discusssecondary and primary source the peer review process, and we'll alsoconduct a tour of some of the the library databases that will be relevantto your research questions and comments are welcome at anypoint. you can email us at

ocls@maine.edu and of course you can always reachout to a librarian on your home campus. let's start by discussing publications. when it comes to publications most of youare probably very familiar with magazines. they're shiny, glossy. they're filled withadvertisements. the articles are rather short and prettyeasy to read. rarely is there a citation or any kind ofreference listed. in a magazine. and the articles aregenerally written by journalist or someone who has more of a

communications or media background.another publication you might be familiar withis a a trade magazine or a professional magazine. these willinclude a few references or citations. certainlythe articles are a little bit longer than something that you mightfind in a magazine. they're lacking original research. when writing a research paper one of the bestresources that you can are scholarly journals. scholarlyjournals are in written by

experts in the field, and they're writtenfirsthand. the authors discuss their experience in conducting research. they provide an abstract or summary, amethodology a conclusion and loads and loads of references. they include first handinformation about the original research which makes scholarly journals aprimary source magazines and trade journals, which reference this original research are calledsecondary sources. the concept of secondary and primarysources can be a little bit more

complicated, so we'll leave it simple for now. let's move on to discussing the concept ofpeer-review. most scholarly journals actually go throughwhat's called a peer-review process. i've pulled up a graphic here how toexplain the process. the graphic highlights the steps involvedthe peer review process. essentially this process starts with theresearcher. who writes a paper. this researcher can bea professor, an instructor, a student such as yourself.when this paper is submitted

to a journal. the editor looks firstto decide whether or not it's a good fit for the journal. the journal article may be dismissedor it will be passed on to one or more peer-reviewers. oftentimes this is a blind peer-review, sothe research or the writer paper has no idea whothese peer reviewers are or doesn't have too good an idea who isproviding the peer-review. the peers will look through the paper. they look for any gaps, omissions. they willmake sure that

the data provided is sound. they look for logic and reasoning to you the paperthat's been submitted. they will pass on the paper to the editorwho will and communicate edits to the researcher. oncethese edits are taken care of, the paper is thenpublished in a scholarly journal. i have another graphic here that shows a humorous side of the peerreview process you can see that academia is poking fun at how many hoops researchers have to jumpthrough before being able to be published.

what's good for us on the other side thepeer review process librarians, students, researchers is thatscholarly journals provide us with content that we can feel very comfortable using. weknow that the content and the information in scholarly journals has gone through avetting process, that it's been reviewed by experts in the field. these peerreviewers are experts and so the information is going to be a lot moretrustworthy than something that we might find in a tradejournal or a popular magazine. determining whether or not something hasbeen peer-reviewed has

never been harder than it is right now.with the proliferation of the world wide web there are a number of fake peer-reviewed journal sites online. that's why it's so important to use thelibrary databases whenever possible. i've brought us here to the library homepageat umfk.edu/library one of the things that i wanted to point outon the homepage is the ability to chat or email a librarian. so you can always contact me, but you canvisit this page and chat with one of the librarians should you have questions at any

point. if we scroll down this page, underresearch help in the bottom right hand side there are a number of guides that have beenput together by the librarians here. let's visit one of these subject guides, andthat's the nursing guide. so we'll click on that, and this is goingto take us to a guide that was specifically set-up for the kind of research that you're conducting in this class. one of the mosthelpful databases that you'll be using is cinahl with full text. you'll notice here that there's also a fewother databases that are specific to nursing, and the librarians here have set-up a databasethat will allow you to search all three of

these databases at once. to make things simple, we'll start with cinahl. now if you're logging in from off-campus,from home, from a coffee shop, anywhere that's not on campus, you'll be prompted to enteryour maine.edu username and password. it's the same username and password that youuse to get into mainestreet, your student email, and blackboard. after logging in, i've been brought to thecinhal interface. and i'll start by entering in my search terms. let's say i'm doing a research paper on theelderly and nutrition.

unlike google where i can enter a completesentence or question or conduct any other type of natural language search, in cinahl i'll actually have to tell the databasespecifically what i'm searching for by just entering a few search terms. these boolean operators: and or not they allow me to enhance my search so here when i've entered elderly and nutrition,i'm letting the database know that i only want it to return bring back articles thatmention both elderly as well as nutrition. now if i were finding that this search weren'tvery successful, i could add some search terms.

so i could let the database know to bringback anything that mentions elderly or aging or retired. and that would certainly increase the numberof results that i had brought back to me. now let's say a number of my results had informationabout diabetes, and i'm not specifically interested in diabetes research at this point. i can tell the database not to bring backanything that mentions diabetes. one more trick that i wanted to show you isthe option to tell the database to bring back words that are part of a stem. so trauma is the word for dramatization ortraumatic.

here where i've entered the asterisk afterthe word trauma, i'm letting the database know to bring back any of those words. notice that cinahl also has the option tosuggest subject terms. so i'll select that option and then run mysearch. now here the database has taken what i've entered and it's made a few additional suggestions. i'lladd aged 80 and over to my search. and i'll also take a look at age, which meansany terms that fall under this umbrella search term will be added to my search. now i can really get started with my search.

and here i have over 300,000 articles basedon all of the different pieces of information that i entered into cinahl. now if that weren't enough, i can also adddatabases to my search. so let's say that i'm interested in the psychology of the elderly population and the nutritionaldecisions that they make, i can actually make off some psychology databases to be included in my search. we'll skip that for now, but i just wantedto let you know that is something you can do.

in cinahl all of the articles that come backare defaulted to be peer reviewed. if you'd like to turn off this default and view articlesthat are peer-reviewed as well as articles that are not, you can do so by selecting this x item righthere to remove that limiter. speaking of limiters, we can limit our searchin other ways as well. we can select to get only full text articlesback, and we can limit our search to articles that have been published in the last fiveyears by changing the publication date. while we're here, let's point out one othertool in cinahl.

and that's the cinahl headings. let's pretend we were conducting a searchfor teenagers, information about teenagers. and we weren't getting a lot of results back,or we weren't getting really finding information that was relevant in the results. we can go to the cinahl headings options andenter our search term teenagers. and here the database tells us that in thisdatabase adolescence is the word that is preferred. so if we were to search using the word adolescence,instead of teenagers we actually might have a lot more relevant results coming up in oursearch. let's go back to the search that we had conducted.and let's click into one of these articles.

when i do so, i'm presented with the optionto view similar results. now note that if idid this, in order to see articles that aresimilar to the ones i was just viewing, i actually lose my limiters. so i'm no longerviewing articles that are full text and i'm no longer viewing articles that have been published since 2010 and onward. so this is just one thing to note if you'reever using the find a similar results feature. over on the right hand side, we have a fewtools that will be very helpful to you. first i'll point out the citation tool. there's kind of a yellow post it note lookingicon way over on the right hand side.

and when we select that, we can scroll downuntil we get to the apa citation. now this is something that we can simply copyand paste into our bibliography, our works cited, or our references page. or we can also export this to refworks. let'stake a look and see what that would be like exporting this over to refworks, which is a citation management tool. it's going to help us keep track of all ofour citations. so we selected the export option. i'm going to select direct export to refworksand save. if you haven't set-up a refworks account,you can do that.

it's completely free to umfk students. i'mgoing to actually lo in. now that' i've logged in, here is the articlethat i had chosen to export to refworks. now i can actually save this article in aparticular folder. i can create folders for each of my class assignments or each of myclasses. then when i have all of my references ready,i can actually create a bibliography and download my bibliography and put it into my paper. i will say that when we're looking at thesecitations that are generated for us in the databases,

we always want to be careful to make surethat they're correctly generated. we'll definitely want to double-check these. we'll go into the anatomy of a citation injust a moment, but i wanted to show you a few other tools. while we're here, you can email an articleto yourself. you can obviously also print it. what i definitely recommend is saving thesearticles. sometimes students bookmark them, or use this permalink feature. this actually is not helpful. it does notwork, so when you find an article that you

think is going to be a good fit, always save it. let's click into the full text versionof this article. i'm in firefox, which is the browser thatis recommended when conducting research in the library databases. so what i can do is download this article.it'll download straight to my computer and i can save it there. if i were in internet explorer, i could hovermy mouse over the bottom right hand corner, and a small disk icon would appear. that's how i could save thearticle in internet explore as well as chrome.

and in chrome, i could also right click andsave the pdf as well so the saving process is going to be a little different depending on what browser you're in. i mentioned apa citation style. let's go backto that nursing subject guide. and over here, on the left hand side, we have another guide that's all about citingsources. and it's specific to apa style. this has beenset-up by the librarians here. and i'm going to navigate right now for thepurposes of this video to the journals tab. where we have information about how to citean apa journal article.

you can see there are a number of differentexamples here. there's a template that you can follow alongwith, as i just mentioned an example. generally apa citations list the last nameof the author, followed by the initial, the year, the title of the journal article. and this part was a little strange to me wheni first started writing apa journal citations. the title of the journal article is not capitalized.only the first letter of that title is capitalized. if something appears after a colon in thetitle, then that next letter is capitalized, but other than that that journal article title is not capitalizedthe why that we generally see books appear

in all caps. the title of the journal itself does followwhat we consider to be this general capitalization standards. and then we'll have a volume number, an issuenumber, a page number if appropriate. and then a digital object identifier. andusually the database provides us with this number. if not we have examples, so we knowwhat to do if we don't have that doi number. you'll also notice that these are double-spacedand that the second line of the citation should be indented. if you're having any issues with citation,of course you can go to your professor, a

librarian would be happy to help, you can talk to the writing center, eitherthe one on campus that you're affiliated with or the virtual writing center. if you're not sure where to go, again feelfree to reach out to your professor or myself. i'm happy to help. in addition to this citation guide, as wellas the nursing guide that we've taken a look at, there's one other guide that i want to emphasize. that's the one about plagiarism.as you can see here, plagiarism is using another person's words and ideas without giving themcredit.

apa citations are incredibly important becausethey help us make sure we are giving credit to an individual whose ideas or words we'veused. even if we're putting the information into our own words. even if we're puttingthe information into quotations. we need to cite that person. by citing experts in the field, we're strengtheningthe arguments that we make in our paper. at umfk especially, plagiarism is taken veryseriously, so it's really important that you not only cite but that you do cite correctly. i've brought us back to the libraryhomepage so we can take a look at a relatively new tool called onesearch.

onesearch, which is located near the middleof the library homepage, searches almost all of the library's databases articles, books, ebooks, and more. let's startby entering our search elderly and nutrition. put and in all caps letting the database knowthat i'd like to see articles that contain both those terms. and then i'll run my search. make sure to click on this link that willallow you to access the full content available to you as a student. using onesearch on the let hand side, i canlimit my search to full text online articles. and that have been peer-reviewed.

i will also want to limit my search to articlesthat have been published in the last five years. and i can do that by entering in the datebelow. there's a number of other options to allowme to limit my search, and you can explore those further below. from onesearch using the drop down arrow nextto the search box, you can access the advanced features. you can do things like ensure that elderlyand nutrition appear in the title of the article. this is also something you can do in cinahland similar databases.

one feature that i find really helpful isnear the bottom to exclude results from book reviews, newspaper articles, and dissertations. i'll run my search now with some of thoseadvanced search features. notice that i've lost the initial limitersthat i put in so once again, i'll have to limit my search to full text articles thathave been peer-reviewed. when i hover over one of these articles, i'llbe provided with more information. on the right side i'm seeing right now theabstract, which is the summary of the article. this is really helpful because a lot of thesepeer reviewed articles can be 10, 20, 30 pages long so taking a look at the summary, ratherthe abstract, is a nice way to ensure that

this paper is worth taking the time to read. without even having to click in, i can alsoemail this article directly to myself. and i can generate and apa citation, which i caneither copy and paste into my paper, or i can once again export to refworks. with onesearch in particular i want to becareful because i often find errors in the apa citation, so for examplei know seminars in dialysis should be italicized and it's not. again that's why it's so important to double-checkthese apa citations. we've taken a look at onesearch, which isa nice option for an all-in-one tool.

we can also take a look at google scholar. i'm back on the library homepage, and i'llnavigate toward the left hand side where i have a list of some of the populardatabases. i'll select google scholar from the list. i'd like to point out that this is a veryspecific link to google scholar. notice that it ends in maine.edu some of you may have used google scholar before,and you may have used the simple google scholar.com link. this maine.edu link will actually tie anyarticles that you find in google scholar right

back to the library's databases. so if you find something in google scholarthat is available to you though the library database, you're linked to it. you don't have to find it in google scholarand then go look up the full text version of it in a database. let's continue with our search for elderlyand nutrition articles. i'd like to point out this full-text @ mylibrary link. this is the link that will connect you with this article. because this article is already somethingthat's available in the library.

i'll once again want to limit my search toarticles that have been published in the last five years. and i'd like to include a note of cautionabout google scholar. the majority of information here, has beenpeer-reviewed and is something that would fall in line with what we expect with a scholarlyarticle. but nothing everything that appears in googlescholar has been. sometimes i've seen books that are for saleor papers that have been written by students that haven't been peer-reviewed. so you just do want to be careful when you'reusing google scholar to make sure that everything

is a source that would be appropriate foruse in a paper. if you're not sure, again you can reach outto a librarian and ask. google scholar does have a citation option. and again you'll just want to double-checkto make sure that this is correct before submitting your paper. you can also export to refworks from googlescholar, which is nice. and let's take a look and see what actuallyhappens when we click on one of these full-text @my library links. it took a little while for it to load forme.

i'm presented right with the full text optionof this article. i can immediately download it. google scholar is a good option for thosewho maybe prefer the google interface or who just aren't having luck finding what theyneed in some of the other databases. or maybe youjust want to take a break from them and see what you can find in google scholar. i'm going to take us back to the library homepageagain and then to that nursing subject guide. i closed out of that, so at least this willbe a good reminder of how to get there. we're back here at the nursing guide. rememberwe had started by searching cinahl.

now over here on the right hand side, we havea number of interesting websites. two that i'd like to point out for you useis the maine cdc site and the centers for disease control and prevention. at the maine cdc site, you're obviously notgoing to be finding peer-reviewed articles. but you will be able to access a number ofdifferent data sets and reports that can be helpful for your research. from the maine cdc page, you can click onthe data and reports option on the left hand side. and i won't spend too much time here. butyou can see that there are some of the different

data sets that you have access to. they vary based on year and program area. i'll close out of the maine cdc site, andthen take us directly to the federal cdc site. one thing to note about the content and thedata found here, although this is the federal cdc site, a lot of the data might contain informationfrom other countries. or it might be data that's been aggregatedfrom an international or global perspective. so just do be careful of that. now from the homepage, we'll select the diseasesand conditions option, and

we'll navigate all the way down to data & statistics. here we can explore data further by topic. i imagine your professor is probably a proat searching for data in these different types of websites. but again if we can be of any help, feel freeto let us know. the last thing that i wanted to point outfrom the library homepage is the interlibrary loan or request articles feature. pretty much all of the articles that we sawtoday in the databases were available in the full text form.

but every now and then when you're lookingthrough a database, you might find that articles are only available in a snippet form. youmight only be able to see a citation or an abstract or summary. and in those casesyou can actually come and request the article in itsfull form right here in this interlibrary loan form. this video briefly covered some of the databasesthat will be most helpful to you for your research. i encourage you to explore the databases on the library homepage further. and please feel free to reach out to myselfor a librarian on your home campus

with any questions and further assistance. best of luck on your research!